Cluster- Biofuels in Colombia of issues and Recommendation Essay

Cluster- Biofuels in Colombia of issues and Recommendation - Essay Example While biofuel is not that clean as a source of energy, it can be readily produced in many areas with the right ingredients. In South America and Caribbean countries, Columbia is among the major producers of biofuel, but falls behind Argentina, Brazil, and Chile (Kyritsis 2001). Therefore, the biofuel industry continues to develop and become internationally competitive, though there are issues towards global competitiveness as discussed below. To analyze the issues in biofuel industry in Columbia, key lessons have been drawn from Michael Porter’s Cluster Diamond Model for analyzing competitiveness of industries or countries. According to Porter, there are four determinants of competiveness. One is a factor condition that involves analysis of a cluster’s factors of production and underlying natural resources. Two, demand conditions at home for the products and services with focus on sophistication and bargaining power of the buyers. Three, availability of related and supp orting industries that are globally competitive for a cluster to enjoy economies of scale. Four, firm strategy, structures and rivalry, and how it impacts on the overall competiveness of firms. More often, the influence of government in providing an enabling business environment is often added to this diamond (Rugman, 1996). The cluster competiveness analysis will be carried out along the five main factors. Assessment of supply factors in biofuel in Colombia shows that the country just like Guatemala has available residue for biofuel production (Kyritsis 2001). Bagasse mainly from sugarcane is available in large quantities to support mass production of bio-ethanol and biomass power production. Availability of farm land and plenty of feed stock due to large sugarcane production provides the necessary raw materials for production of biofuel. In addition, sugarcane factories and farms are concentrated within short distances meaning that cost of sourcing raw materials for biofuel produc tion is lower, making the commodity more competitive than fossil fuel. Support from sugarcane industries has helped independent biofuel producers. Availability of skilled manpower and research institutions is also a major boost as new methods and techniques keep on being generated. For example, improved production technologies have helped to increase efficiency in biomass conversion into ethanol and power generation in most factories across Colombia. Demand for biofuel in Columbia has continued to rise due to its wide applications in motor fuel. Analysts view the industry as perfectly elastic, with possibilities of growing bigger, given that only a small percentage of the fuel is being produced currently (Vertes et al., 2011). Competition from fossil fuel will also determine its growth trajectory; hikes in fuel prices will propel demand for biofuel and vice versa. The increased demand will trigger demand for corn, leading to an increase in corn prices. This move is expected to make biofuel producers to continue producing as long as they can make normal profit. Energy needs in transport related technologies have fuelled demand for biofuel, which has ended up attracting investments within and from outside the country. However, market analysts view the drive towards biofuel production as being politically motivated than being driven by market forces. Countries are seeking energy sovereignty to be in some control over energy prices. However, in either way, demand has

Children and Young People’s Development Essay Example for Free

Children and Young People’s Development Essay A child development is influenced in many ways such as their background, health and environment. These factors will have an impact on the child’s different areas of development. Background Children come from all different family environments, cultures and circumstances. Children go through significant family changes such as a family break-up or a new step-family. These can affect a child’s emotional and intellectual development. A child may also change their behaviour, which means there ability to learn is decreased. This can affect their emotional development because they may feel like it is their fault for the break up. Having a new step-family is a big change for some children, this may affect their emotional development, as they may feel as if there mother/father is replacing each other. The child may also have difficulty bonding with their new family. Some children may be deliberately hostile towards a step-parent as they may feel it is the only outlet for their feelings, and those who do not express their feelings openly may become withdrawn. This can have major effects on their intellectual development, as they may become withdrawn at school and unable to concentrate on learning. Read more: Explain how children and young peoples development is influenced by a range of personal factors essay Coming from a low income family may have a significant effect on a child’s development. Burnham and Baker state ‘Statistic show that children who come from deprived backgrounds are less likely to thrive and achieve well in school’. Coming from a low income family may affect a child’s intellectual development, as the family may not be able to afford to pay for extra activities such as swimming lessons or dance lessons. This could also have an impact on the child’s physical development. This may affect the way a child is able to respond in certain situations. There communicational development may be affected as they may not have interacted with children their own age before. Cultural differences may also impact a child development, as they may feel isolated at school. This would affect there communication and intellectual development, as they may be unable to communicate with other children. They my also feel excluded because they are brought up different, this can affect their emotional development. Not interacting with other peers can have a large impact on different types of development, such as emotional as they can feel isolated and excluded. Childrens with different cultural beliefs or practice may cause emotional conflict. Such as if they want to participate in an activity which goes against their families wishes or religious beliefs, they would feel excluded. Other issues would be if the child has moved countries their intellectual development may be affected due to the fact that they have to ‘catch up’ with new languages and cultures. Health If a child suffers from poor health or impairment, this may have an effect on their development. If a child suffers from a medical condition this may lessen their ability to participate in activities than other children. This will affect their physical development, as well as their emotional development. Depending how aware the child is about their needs, they may feel excluded and isolated from other children. Other health factors maybe that the child was born premature, as they are more likely to develop slower than a healthy born child. There may be an effect on their physical development, as they are a smaller and behind on developing. This may also have an in pact on their intellectual development, as it has been shown that premature babies struggle with maths. Burdo-Hartman says. Memorizing math facts in particular has been shown to be difficult for some preemies, Environment A childs environment, for example, family or school, plays a huge part in their development. A family that abuses or neglects a child will damage the child’s natural development. The indifferent family style has a negative effect on the child. The child may not have much opportunity, they may just watch television or play video games all day, will not gain the experiences and interactions needed to further their development. Where a child lives is an important factor for their development. If they live in poor areas, there are less services and opportunities. This can have a negative effect on their intellectual development as they are not able to access services such as playgroups or afterschool clubs. On the other hand, wealthy areas are more likely to have better services and opportunities, this means that a child’s development may not be affected. Burnham, L. Baker, B. (2010). Support Teaching and Learning in schools. Essex: Heinemann Learning.

Confidentiality of Medical Information :: HIPAA Act

The law does not give permission to the health care professionals to disclose the medical information of the patients. It is the right of a patient to have his or her personal identifiable information to be confidential. This medical information is suppose to only be available to the physician of record as well as other necessary health care and insurance personal. Confidentiality of patient was protected by federal statute, as of 2003. Passing of federal regulations which was the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 was facilitated by the requirement of having privacy as well as protection of personal records and data in an electronic medical records environment and third party insurance payers. The meaning of patient confidentiality is that personal and medical information that are provided to the providers of health care cannot be disclosed to others not unless the patient has provided authorization for the release. In fact permission is not supposed to be granted to health care professionals to disclose the patient’s medical information. This is because there could be professional or personal problems by disclosing the medical information of the patients for patients depends on the physicians in keeping private their medical information, American Psychological Association (2003). Normally it becomes difficult for medical records to be completely sealed up. The greatest factor that affects confidentiality is when clinicians turn to share medical information as case studies. In any case such data happens to be published in professional journals, then the patient’s identity is never divulged and the entire data that identifies the patient become either eliminated or changed. However, if at all the confidentiality is breached, the patient may have the right of suing, British Medical Association (2008). Another greatest threat to medical privacy takes place since many of the medical bills are settled through a particular health insurance, which can be private or public, Radford, Roger, (2002). In this occasion it becomes very hard for the medical information to be confidential. There is viewing of the health records occasionally by just not physicians and their staffs only but as well medical laboratories, employees of insurance companies, researchers, public health insurance and a lot of others. In any case an employer is providing health insurance; the employee files may then be accessed by the employer and designated employees. The requirement of the 1996, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) is that every organizations and professionals to guard the privacy of their customers and patients, Carter P.

Florence Nightingale Essay -- Biography Biographies Bio Papers

Florence Nightingale Florence Nightingale, a well-educated nurse, was recruited along with 38 other nurses for service in a hospital called Scutari during the Crimean War in 1854 . It was Nightingale's approaches to nursing that produced amazing results. Florence Nightingale was responsible for crucial changes in hospital protocol, a new view on the capabilities and potential of women, and the creation of a model of standards that all future nurses could aspire towards. Florence Nightingale was born on May 12th 1820. Her father, who was a wealthy and intelligent man, believed that women deserved an education. Thus, Florence Nightingale and her sister were educated in Italian, Latin, Greek, History, and Mathematics. This is quite possibly why Ms. Nitghengale was able to achieve what she did in her life. Nightingale excelled at mathematics particularly, and later took on an interest in medicine. At 38 years of age, Nightingale was working as an unpaid superintendent of a London "establishment for gentlewomen during illness", and came to the attention of Sidney Herbert, the Secretary of War. Herbert recruited Nightingale work at Scutari in 1854. Nightingale was responsible for changing the structure of British medicine and medicinal practice. Before Nightingale applied her methods of sterilization and organization to Scutari, the hospital was appalling, as were most hospitals in that period of time. What Nightingale found when she arrived at her post was a filthy hospital that was lacking supplies of almost every kind, had dying soldiers forced to sleep on the dirty floor due to lack of beds, and no latrines at all. Under Nightingale's leadership, her team of nurses reduced the mortality rate at the hospital from 60% to a ... ... By M. E. Baly. Encyclopedia Of Medicine. 1989 Edition s.v. "History of Nursing." By Charles B. Clyman, MD. Lipsey, Sally. Mathematical Education in the Life of Florence Nightingale. 18 February 1998. (12 December 2000). McDonald, Lynn. Florence Nightingale and the Foundations of Public Health Care, as seen through her Collected Works. 17 February 2000. (12 December 2000). Medical Creeds. (12 December 2000). Nilaya, Bruce. The Lady With The Lamp. (12 December 2000). Nilaya, Bruce. The Crimean War. (12 December 2000). Orem, Dorothea E. Nursing: Concepts of Practice. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1985. Seacole, Mary. Wonderful Adventures of Mrs. Seacole in Many Lands. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988. Terrot, Sarah Anne. Nurse Sarah Anne: with Florence Nightingale at Scutari. London: J. Murray, 1977.

Mapleland Fiber Network (MFN) Essay

The city of Mapleland, Oregon, which owns and operates its own power utility, built a fiber-optic network to monitor power meters at residents’ homes. The network is called Mapleland Fiber Network (MFN). Because MFN had more capacity than was needed to monitor meters, the city expanded its services to offer access to the network for citybusinesses. The businesses use the network to communicate with each other and to access the Internet. At the MFN headend, which is located with the city government offices, three routers and WAN links connect to the Internet for use by the city. The businesses on MFN also use these routers to reach the Internet. In addition to the business service, MFN also offers cable modem service to homes. A cable modem router at the MFN headend connects to the fiber-optic network. In the city neighborhoods, hybrid fiber-coax nodes bring coax cabling to each street and into the homes for cable modem Internet access. The MFN backbone consists of a fiber-optic Gigabit Ethernet network that runs through the city in a ring topology. The fiber-optic ring connects the hybrid fiber-coax nodes that bring coax cabling to each neighborhood. Also connected to the ring are six data routers. Each router links one or more Mapleland businesses to MFN via simple point-to-point connections. At the business, the fiber-optic network enters the building and connects to a media converter. A UTP cable connects to the media converter and typically to a 100-Mbps Ethernet switch. The switch links the business’s computers and servers in a star opology via UTP cabling. 1. Draw a network map that shows the topology of the MFN and how the main components are connected. 2. What other information would you gather to improve your map and add more detail? 3. Mapleland is considering expanding the MFN to include wireless access for its residences. What additional investigation will you do to prepare for a citywide wireless network? 4. What security concerns do you have for the wireless network?

Mi Nursing Care Plan Essays

Mi Nursing Care Plan Essays Mi Nursing Care Plan Essay Mi Nursing Care Plan Essay X Nursing Care Plan |Assessment |Diagnosis |Planning |Intervention |Rationale |Evaluation | | | | | | | | |Subjective: â€Å"nahihirapan siyang |Activity intolerance related to |Within the shift, monitor the |Instruct the patient for bed |To comfort the patient. STG: | |huminga as verbalized by the |cardiac dysfunction, changes in |ECG and vital signs every hour |rest with comfort position. | |Within 2hrs of nursing | |patients companion† |oxygen supply and consumption as|to determine abnormalities. | | |intervention, the client | | |evidenced by shortness of | |Instructed the patient in |To improve breathing pattern. tolerated activity without | |Objective: |breath. |Comfort the patient to normalize|isometric and breathing | |difficulty of breathing and had | | | |activity level of respiratory |exercise. | |been able to utilize breathing | |-increase heart rate | |distress. |To lessen fatigue and weakness. |techniques. | |-increase blood pressure | | |Assist patient with ambu lation | | | |-pallor | | |as ordered. |LTG: | |-fatigue and weakness | | | |For patients chest pain and |Within 3 day of nursing | |-decrease oxygen | | |Give medication as per doctor’s |shortness of breath. |intervention, the client | |saturation | | |order. |increased and achieved desired | | | | | | |activity level, progressive | |V/S | | | | |without intolerance symptoms | | | | | | |noted such as respiratory | |BP:140/80 | | | | |compromise. | |PR:80 | | | | |Goal met. |RR:27 | | | | | | |Temp:37? c | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Assessment |Diagnosis |Planning |Intervention |Rationale |Evaluation | | | | | | | | |Subjective: â€Å"naninikip ang aking|Alteration in comfort as |After 8 hrs of nursing |Assess chest pain of 7/10. |To determine the intensity of |After the 2 days of nursing | |dibdib as verbalize by the |evidence by the above signs and |intervention the client will | |pain. intervention the client have | |patient† |symptoms related to mycocar dial |have improved comfort in the |Encourage the patient to | |improved comfort in chest and is| | |ischemia resulting from coronary|chest by giving medications, |maintain bed rest during pain |To reduce respiratory distress |able to rest, displays reduced | |Objective: |artery occlusion with loss/ |monitoring vital signs, checking|with position of comfort to | |tension and sleeps comfortable. | |-restlessness |restriction blood flow to an |the ECG and proper positioning |promote calmness. | | | |-facial grimacing |area of the myocardium and; |of the patient. | | | | |-fatigue |necrosis of the myocardium. |Administer analgesics as | | | |-shortness of breath | | |ordered, such as morphine | | | | | | |sulfate, beta blockers, and |Morphine is a drug of choice to | | | | | |calcium channel blockers. control MI pain | | |V/S as taken: | | | | | | |BP:140/80 | | | |To block the sympathetic | | |PR:80 | | | |stimulation, reduce heart rate | | |RR:27 | | | |and lowers myocardial demands. | | |Temp:37? | | | | | | | | | | |To increase coronary blood flow | | | | | | |and collateral circulation which| | | | | | |can decrease pain due to | | | | | | |ischemia. | | | | | | | | |

Free Essays on Crossroads Of Freedom

but, through the letters of soldiers who wrote home. They would tell of how they were sick and tired of ways of commanding. McPherson also showed a bias in the favor of the Confederacy not really by what he said but, by what he did not say. He rarely spoke on the weaknesses or even the strengths in... Free Essays on Crossroads Of Freedom Free Essays on Crossroads Of Freedom Crossroads of Freedom Our generation today has marked September 11, 2001 as the largest disaster of our country but, it is overshadowed greatly by September 17, 1862, â€Å"the bloodiest single day in American history†. The numbers of the Union and Confederate soldiers killed and fatally wounded was from 6,300 to 6,500, this was twice the amount of people that perished in the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon and four times the number of casualties of D-day on the beaches of Normandy. The Union forces were lead mainly by General George B. McClellan and the Confederate army was lead by General Robert E. Lee after he had replaced General Joseph Johnston. The upper hand in the war shifted from side to side as each pushed to win each battle and every territory the opposition controlled. European powers observed the action taking place in America and wanted to step in and help bring upon a truce between the sides. The majority of the Europeans supported the Confederates and was wai ting for them to pick up steam and start dominating in order to gain the European backing. Lincoln felt as if he was forced by the pressure of the Confederate forces to enforce an emancipation proclamation that wouldn’t just benefit the slaves but, also benefit the Union and hurt the Confederates. Everything comes to a point where the tides change with great force when the Battle of Antietam ends in a gruesome mess that fuels the Union campaign and morale to continue on and win the war. In my views I see that McPherson was a bit prejudice against McClellan. He often commented on McClellan’s lack of leadership not only in his own words but, through the letters of soldiers who wrote home. They would tell of how they were sick and tired of ways of commanding. McPherson also showed a bias in the favor of the Confederacy not really by what he said but, by what he did not say. He rarely spoke on the weaknesses or even the strengths in...