Management Accounting Costing and Budgeting - 5004 Words

I. Identify and classify different types of cost incurred in Foxwood Company with an appropriate cost classification There are many concepts of cost in an organization. Costs also are used in different business applications, such as financial accounting, cost accounting, budgeting, capital budgeting, and valuation. Consequently, there are different ways of categorizing costs according to their relationship to output as well as according to the context in which they are used. Following this summary of the different types of costs are some examples of how costs are used in different business applications. The two basic types of costs incurred by businesses are fixed and variable costs. Variable costs and fixed costs represent the total†¦show more content†¦* Indirect costs, in contrast, are similar to fixed costs. They are not directly related to the volume of output. Indirect costs in a manufacturing plant may include supervisors salaries, indirect labor, factory supplies used, taxes, utilities, depreciation on building and equipment, factory rent, tools expense. These indirect costs are sometimes referred to as manufacturing overhead. Direct costs | Indirect costs | SandpaperMaterials-handling costsLubricants and coolantsMiscellaneous indirect manufacturing laborDirect manufacturing laborDirect materials inventoryWork-in-process inventoryDirect materials purchased | Plant-leasing costsDepreciation-plant equipmentProperty taxes on plant equipmentFire insurance on plant equipmentMarketing promotionMarketing salariesDistribution costsCustomer-service costs | II. Explain the need for, and operation of, different costing methods on the information given the above scenario. Different industries follow different methods of costing because of the differences in the nature of their work. The various methods of costing are as follows: 1. Job costing: is concerned with the finding of the cost of each job or work order. This method is applied where work is undertaken on receiving customers’ special requirements and each order is of comparatively short duration. 2. Contract costing is applied for contract work like construction of dam building civil engineering contract etc. each contract orShow MoreRelatedEthical Issues Of Financial Accounting984 Words   |  4 Pagesthe reporting to whom. Financial accounting is meant for external reporting to all who are interested in the company’s activities. But in management accounting it is altogether an internal reporting aimed at helping managers in discharging their responsibilities. Financial accounting basically contains monetary information. But managerial accounting will contain both monetary and non-monetary issues that are helpful to the management. For example financial accounting will show only finance relatedRead MoreRyanair Plc : A British Airline And Will Provide A Brief Summary About The Company1636 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: This essay is about Easyjet Plc which is a British airline and will provide a brief summary about the company. It will make arguments on how Management Accounting information could aid the managers of the business, evaluating how Budgeting, Variance Analysis and Activity Based could be utilized within the company and will provide ways in which the managers could keep in mind to make recommendations and decisions. EasyJet Plc: EasyJet Plc founded in 1995 by a Greek Cypriot businessmanRead MoreAccounting (Managerial) 530 Portfolio Case Study978 Words   |  4 PagesAccounting (Managerial) 530 Portfolio Case Study Imagine you are applying to become a trainee in a management consulting company, Solutions Inc., which claims to deliver innovative solutions. They are looking for innovative employees who engage with their work. The selection process will be rigorous. You know you will be asked to submit reports based on questions regarding your knowledge of management accounting practice and strategic management accounting. To provide a context for the reportsRead MoreA Perspective Of Traditional Budgetary System1577 Words   |  7 Pagesthe traditional budgeting system has been found in both private and public sector organisation, it may be seen that it is crucial component of business since it may be more relevant to the current business environment. In addition, primary budgetary system already has overcome current business challenges and been facing an increase of competitive in business context. However, there are still some exist potential risks to cover current business challenges to set as a business accounting model to increaseRead MoreToyota s Performance Using Evaluation And Control Techniques1309 Words   |  6 Pages Toyota, one of the biggest car makers in the world, is famous for its effective manufacturing and costing systems which have served as role models for many companies on an international scale. One of its most popular manufacturing and costing systems is the Toyota Production System (TPS), launched in the 1980s. Toyota Production System (TPS) is based on a form of lean manufacturing and accounting, first developed and used by Ford Motor Company in the 1920s (Iuga and Kifor, 2013). In this assignmentRead MoreBUS 630 Final Paper1617 Words   |  7 PagesDecision Making with Managerial Accounting Managerial accounting is essential for decision making. Making the best choice depends on the managers goals, the anticipated results from each alternative, and the information available when the decision is made (Schneider, 2012). The different techniques associated with managerial accounting are very helpful in the decisions that need to be made. In order to truly understand decision making with managerial accounting one must first discern exactly whatRead MoreEssay on Truth and Consquence1335 Words   |  6 PagesCorporation Strategy-Driven Costing amp; Lean Management Kenco Engineering Corporation Strategy-Driven Costing amp; Lean Management Question 1) Generally Accepted Accounting Principles require that product costs include all manufacturing costs and only manufacturing costs. Activity-based costing usually does not include all manufacturing costs and will often include nonmanufacturing costs. Therefore, ABC is not currently acceptable under GAAP. Kenco’s costing system is preferable under GAAPRead MoreBenefits of Activity-Based Budgeting1467 Words   |  6 Pagesbasis to the advent of ABB. Nowadays, more and more companies start to use ABB in the budgeting process. Referring to ABB, companies do well in their budgeting period. This shows that ABB itself has many outstanding characters. In this article we will compare it with traditional budget method, so that it could give us a general survey about the characters and benefits ABB has. What is Activity-Based Budgeting (ABB) Definition of ABB Brimson says ABB is a managing process that based on the activityRead MoreEasyjet Is A British Airline Based At London Luton Airport1564 Words   |  7 Pages251) (1,182) Profit before tax 581 478 Tax charge (131) (80) Profit after tax 450 398 MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING IN EASYJET PLC Both financial and management accounting are important tools in a business but both have different purposes. Financial accounting is used to present the financial health of an organization to its external stakeholder. However, management accounting is the process of preparing management reports and accounts that provide accurate and timely financial and statistical informationRead MoreCost Management Strategies For An Organization1590 Words   |  7 Pagesavailable, helps to sell other services for an organization. Budgeting tools: Managerial accounting people use budgeting tool and technique to manage money related information that assure us that a task is supported sufficiently and can be finished inside of the assigned budget. Utilizing models, formats and number crunchers, a budgeting tool gauges precisely, overview carefully and oversees risk properly. These tools assist with management convey the undertaking spending plan status with whom ordinarily

Bop Rules - 1364 Words

BP-A0629 A R VISITOR INFORMATION U.S. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Addressee Institution CDFRM FEDERAL BUREAU OF PRISONS Date Re: (Inmate’s Name and Register No.) Dear : I am requesting that you be included among my approved visitors. In order to establish your suitability as a visitor, it may be necessary for institution officials to send an inquiry to an appropriate law enforcement or crime information agency to ascertain whether or not placing you on my visiting list would present a management problem for the institution, or have other possible adverse effects. The information obtained will be used to determine your acceptability as a visitor. The Bureau of Prisons’ authority to request background information on proposed†¦show more content†¦Aunque no hay penalidades autorizadas en caso que usted no provee la informacià ³n solicitada, el no proveer tal informacià ³n podrà ­a resultar en que usted no sea considerado para ser admitido como un visitante. La penalidad criminal por hacer declaraciones falsas es una multa de no mà ¡s de $250,000 o encarcelamiento de no mà ¡s de cinco aà ±os, o ambos (Vea 18 U.S.C.  § 1001). Since ramente, 1. Nombre Legal 4. Nà ºmero Telefà ³nico (Incluyendo Cà ³digo de la Zona) 6.  ¿Es usted Ciudadano Estadounidense? Sà ­ No 6c. Supla su nà ºmero de Pasaporte: 7. Relacià ³n al reo nombrado arriba 8.  ¿Desea usted visitarlo/a? Sà ­ No Sà ­ No 2. Fecha de Nacimiento 5. Raza y Sexo del Visitante 3. Direccià ³n (Incluyendo Cà ³digo Postal) 6a. De ser asà ­, supla su nà ºmero de Seguro Social: 6b. De no ser asà ­, supla su nà ºmero de Registro de Inmigracià ³n: 9.  ¿Conocà ­a usted a esta persona antes de su encarcelacià ³n actual? 10. Si la respuesta a #9 es Sà ­, indique cuanto tiempo usted ha conocido a esta persona y de donde se desarrollà ³ esta relacià ³n. 11.  ¿Alguna vez a sido declarado culpable de un crimen? De ser asà ­, declare cuantas veces, la/s fecha/s, el/los lugar/es, y la razà ³n por la/s condena/s: 12.  ¿Està ¡ usted actualmente bajo libertad bajo probatoria, libertad condicional, o cualquier otro tipo de supervisià ³n? De ser asà ­, supla el nombre de su oficial de supervisià ³n de libertad condicionalShow MoreRelatedThe Federal Bureau Of Prisons1401 Words   |  6 Pagescertifications, and authorization for employment for those who work within one of these facilities. The Federal Bureau of Prisons The Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) is an agency that was created on May 14, 1930 and approved of by then president Herbert Hoover. Its main headquarters is in Washington, D.C. The BOP is a subdivision of the United States Justice Department and is responsible for the administration of the federal prison system. Its sole purpose is to provide more open-mindedRead MorePrison Health Care Paper1496 Words   |  6 Pagesaccreditation, certifications, and authorization for employment for those who work within one of these facilities. The Federal Bureau of Prisons The Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) is an agency that was created on May 14, 1930 and approved of by then president Herbert Hoover. Its main headquarters is in Washington, D.C. The BOP is a subdivision of the United States Justice Department and is responsible for the administration of the federal prison system. Its sole purpose is to provide more open-mindedRead MoreBalance of Payment1714 Words   |  7 PagesBALANCE OF PAYMENT (BOP) Introduction: Balance of payments (BOP) is a record of economic transitions between the residents of one country and the rest of the world during one year. The balance of payment like all balance sheets must balance. The items, which lead to, an inflow of foreign earnings are placed on the credit side of the balance sheet, whereas the items, which give, rise to an outflow of foreign currency are placed on the debit side. Definition: â€Å"Balance of payment is a systematicRead MoreFinc415 Exam 1 Essays1186 Words   |  5 Pagesmarkets. What are some of the typical causes of these failures in corporate governance?p34 10. Do markets appear to be willing to pay for good governance?p36 Chapter 3 1. Under the gold standard all national governments promised to follow the â€Å"rules of the game.† This meant defending a fixed exchange rate. What did this promise imply about a country’s money supply? 2. If a country follows a fixed exchange rate regime, what macroeconomic variables could cause the fixed exchange rate to be devaluedRead More Art Blakey Essay1393 Words   |  6 Pagesoffbeat. It was a very powerful, very loud, very noticeably, change and the crowd loved it. Dropping Bombs became one of Art Blakeys trademarks as a percussionist. While touring with Fletcher Henderson, Blakey developed a strong affinity for the bop style. He forged a crisp, driving sound, and he loved to play loud. With ferocious cymbal attacks, unpredictably crescendos, brush rolls, and with out a doubt his insanely loud bombs, Blakey was destined for greatness. While still with HendersonsRead MoreGlobal Versus Regional Geographic Diversification Essay1546 Words   |  7 Pagescountry. Interestingly, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), which has usually promoted the Anglo-American governance rules, recently modified its rules of Corporate Governance to reflection both of the knowledge of OECD countries as well as rising and developing economies in an attempt to maintain its importance. These rules have gained global recognition as an worldwide benchmark for sound corporate governance and symbolize the most part relevant case of crossvergenceRead MoreJails And Prisons1418 Words   |  6 Pages(Fci Petersburg Medium,  n.d.). It is a medium security facility which has stronger perimeters than a minimum security or a low security facility (Bop: Federal Prisons,  n.d.). This often includes double fences with electronic detection systems. The housing is mostly cell-type housing. It also runs a multitude of work and treatment programs (Bop: Federal Prisons,  n.d.). FCI Petersburg Medium houses a total of one thousand six hundred and ninety two male offenders (Fci Petersburg Medium,  nRead MoreWhat Happened At The Macondo Well1007 Words   |  5 Pagesunpredictable to create a safe work cycle. The article What Happened at the Macondo Well... And The British Petroleum-Macondo Well Disaster of April, 2010† written by Kenton Fleming says that BOPs [Blowout Preventer system]... While their contribution to drilling safety has been remarkable†¦ even a low percentage of BOP failures have been blamed for much documented catastrophe (Fleming 82). This quote shows how we must deal with nature when using these wells. In the article â€Å"Development of Canadian ArcticRead MoreAn Article II Decision Making Power Non Delegation Guideline1083 Words   |  5 Pagesan even advanced position of accountability. Introduction In 2007, the federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) disputably delegated to cloistered, for-profit prisons certain governments to regulate federal prisoners in overseeing their criminal reprimand. That delegation claimed to allow private prison staff to carry out austere punishment, for example, self-contained incarceration without first procuring BOP authorization (Mishra, An Executive-Power Non-Delegation Doctrine for the Private AdministrationRead MoreHistory And Current Dynamic Of Sandstone3370 Words   |  14 Pagesinmates in BOP Custody, 93.3% of these are male while only 6.7% are female. As of last month, March 28 2015, the BOP’s highest racial population is white at 123,072 or 59.0% with African Americans 78,346 - 37.6%, and Native American and Asian population are both lower than 2%. Drug based offenses are the highest number of offense that the BOP has in custody and majority of the offenders in the BOP’s custody are 31-35 years of age slightly older than average o ffenders found in US jails. (BOP: Statistics

Australian Immigration Law Jurisdictional

Question: Discuss about the Australian Immigration Lawfor Jurisdictional. Answer: The term jurisdictional error is a concept that came into existence with the advent of administrative law. The concept is particularly used in United Kingdom and Australia. Jurisdiction means authority to take decisions or decide and this error takes place when the given authority to any given Court is misunderstood or misconceived[1]. However, the decisions that amount to jurisdictional error can be quashed with the help of judicial review. Some examples of judicial review include asking wrong questions to the applicant, ignoring important material to the case or relying on immaterial material thereby breaching the concept of natural justice. In the given case, the decision taken by the Tribunal in the case of Malhi v Minister for Immigration Anor [2017] FCCA 119 (2 February 2017) was a prime example of jurisdictional error in which the applicant successfully appealed against the decision of the Tribunal in the Federal Court. In the given case, the applicant named Mr. Amanpreet Singh wanted to marry a women staying and residing at Australia. The applicant was a male and an Indian. However, his sponsor was a woman and the woman was an Australian. During the time when the judicial decision was to be taken, the age of the applicant was about 26 years and of the sponsor was about 52 years[2]. In the given case, the following issues were raised: The Tribunal considered their relationship hasty and in the opinion of the Tribunal, the couple has not thought over about the potential implications of their life in future. Secondly, the Tribunal also questioned them about their been able to have biological children together or not and the consequences that their relationship might have on other people[3]. In the opinion of the Tribunal, the above-mentioned issues mattered a lot as far as issuing and granting of visas were concerned. The Tribunal had raised certain questions and was doubtful about the genuineness of their relationship as to whether they were sustaining a genuine relationship or not. In the view of Tribunal, the applicant, as he was not sure about gaining permanent residence visa in Australia, had planned to enter into a marriage with the sponsor who was of 52 years of age. The sponsor, in the opinion of the Tribunal, did not think of the consequences of their relationship in a meaningful manner. Moreover, the Tribunal was also worried about the fact that the sponsor was embarking upon their new relationship knowing of the existing complexities. The Tribunal seemed to be extremely worried that the sponsor and the applicant did not have a meaningful discussion on this previously[4]. Based on the above contentions, the Tribunal had rejected the applicant of visa of Malhi. On 20 March 2015, the applicant applied for judicial review over the decision that was passed by the Tribunal. The applicant emerged successful in his seeking judicial review and the Federal Court declared the decision of the Tribunal as a jurisdictional error based on the following points: The Tribunal failed to apply the appropriate meaning to the words continuing and genuine. Secondly, the Tribunal failed to the give sufficient amount of time to the applicant to present his arguments related to the given case that made him apply for judicial review in the given case[5]. Additionally, the Court had also observed that the examination of whether a given relationship is continuing or genuine or not is to be examined at the time when the Tribunal was making his decision instead of relying on future predictions. Therefore, in the opinion of the Court parties have the liberty to enter into the relationship of marriage for the purpose of only obtaining visa and the reasons may not be necessarily genuine. The couple have the liberty of entering into a relationship with one another which in the opinion of the third party may seem be ill conceived or precipitous. Nevertheless, the only thing that should have mattered to the Tribunal to base his judgment was that the relationship is continuing and genuine and none of these terms have been described in the legislation[6]. The Court while interpreting the meaning of the word genuine held that the relationship should not, at the time of making the decision, be false or sham in nature. Furthermore, the Court had also added to the meaning of the word continuing stating that the only thing that the Tribunal should have taken into consideration at the time of making the decision is that the couple will be able to endure a foreseeable future. There is no need for the couple to prove that their relationship will last for lifetime. Thus, it may be held that the migration law does not need the applicant to satisfy that they will be together until death do them separate. In the second issue wherein the Tribunal had raised concerns whether the parties have had a serious discussion on this in the beginning of the relationship itself is doubtful. Thus, the parties to the application should have had a seriously considered issues related to conceiving children as well. In the opinion of the Federal Court the Tribunal had made a jurisdictional error in taking such matter into serious consideration at the time of considering and approving visa for the same[7]. Based on the above discussion, it may be held that parties who wish to apply for visa and wish to get married for the same need not worry about their approval of application, as the Tribunal would only be judging their application on the ground that their relationship is continuing at the time of application. The Tribunal need not take into consideration the continuity of a relationship on the grounds of romanticism. Moreover, based on the decision of the Federal Court it may also be concluded that parties who wish to get their visa permanent can marry another only for the purpose of getting their visa permanent. This decision of the Federal Court paved way for many application of permanent visa to be approved. References: Aleinikoff, T. Alexander, and Douglas Klusmeyer, eds.From migrants to citizens: Membership in a changing world. Brookings Institution Press, 2013. Clayton, Gina.Textbook on immigration and asylum law. Oxford University Press, 2016. Hollifield, James, Philip Martin, and Pia Orrenius.Controlling immigration: A global perspective. Stanford University Press, 2014. Martinez, Omar, et al. "Evaluating the impact of immigration policies on health status among undocumented immigrants: a systematic review."Journal of immigrant and minority health17.3 (2015): 947-970. Menjvar, Cecilia. "Immigration law beyond borders: Externalizing and internalizing border controls in an era of securitization."Annual Review of Law and Social Science10 (2014): 353-369. Newman, Louise, Nicholas Proctor, and Michael Dudley. "Seeking asylum in Australia: immigration detention, human rights and mental health care."Australasian Psychiatry21.4 (2013): 315-320.

The Louisiana Purchase free essay sample

The Louisiana Purchase in 1803 is thought to be the greatest â€Å"real estate† deal in history. It was an experiment to incorporate different cultures to become one frontier. It changed what the United States had been at the time as well as what it could become. It was a territory between the Mississippi river and the Rocky Mountains. It was originally populated by the Native Americans in the South East until the Europeans. They started exploring the area and in 1682 Robert Cavalier, of France, claimed it. He named it Louisiana after their king, King Louis XIV. The French had dominated American soil for years. But in 1763 France suffered losing Florida to Britain on Spains behalf. France turned control of Louisiana to Spain and after the Revolutionary War Britain turned the control of Florida to Spain too. Along the Mississippi River the Americans, Spanish, British and French all were claiming control. In 1800 after a war period had ended France was a powerful country under the control of Napoleon. We will write a custom essay sample on The Louisiana Purchase or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Napoleon was looking to exchange Louisiana for a favor from the King of Spain. He promised to never abandon the territory as well as to recognize Spains claims of Florida. Napoleon was already looking to expand in Europe, but he wanted Louisiana too. President Jefferson agreed to help the French with the slaves hoping that he could win over Napoleon Bonaparte. Even though he was going to assist him he was trying to come up with his own plan along the Mississippi. By Napoleon being in Louisiana he feared that it wouldn’t help in for US interests on land or sea so Jefferson thought he might need to make an alliance with Britain. Jefferson prepared for a possible war scenario hoping he could get Napoleon bought out of New Orleans. President Jefferson sent two ministers: James Monroe and Robert Livingston to France. He sent them with money hoping to purchase New Orleans and

Response 1 Example

Response 1 Example Response 1 – Article Example Analysis In Misa’s Chapter, Long discusses how Leonardo Da Vinci struggled with his career to initiate long-term developments thatthe later centuries witnessed in the arts and architecture (Misa 1). The author highlights that the vision that the modern-day innovators embody has been inherent through human civilizations. Although Leonardo began his career as an architect and a military engineer, he was similarly successful in scientific invention and painting. The text analyzes Leonardo’s technological career within the context of a complimenting culture and politics. The author argues that Leonardo’s innovations were a reaction to the given his problems that his community was facing.This explains why most thinkers and artists such as Leonardo were close to the then governments. The governments who were participating in expanding and maintaining their gained territories required inventors to design tools for winning wars. In this sense, the thinkers were at the me rcy of the political decisions made by their leaders. The arts and scientific innovation were essential in cementing the legacy of reigns. Although the scientists were doing the principal activities, they lacked the political immensity that the ruling classes enjoyed (Findon and Groves 102). Political privileges could only be conferred the innovators and thinkers that the given administrations favored. The designs of courts and cities formed the basis upon which modern architecture developed. Although the political class used the innovators, the thinkers developed innovations that traversed generations. In addition, in spite of the common perception of technology as cumulative, several technologies that individuals use today possess traces in the medieval ages. This is demonstrable at Leonardo’s attempt at making an airplane out of a bat’s design (Moon 41). Works citedFindon, Joanne, and Marsha Groves. Science and technology in the middle ages. New York, NY: Crabtree P ublishing Company, 2005. Print.Long, Pamela O. â€Å"Power, patronage, and the authorship of ars: from mechanical know-how to mechanical knowledge in the last scribal age,† Isis, 88.1 (1997):1-41.Misa, Thomas. Leonardo to the internet: technology and culture from the renaissance to the present. New York, NY: JHU Press, 2004. Print. Moon, Francis. The machines of Leonardo Da Vinci and Franz Reuleaux: kinematics of machines from the renaissance to the 20th century. Dordrecht, NRT: Springer, 2007. Print.

Humans, Technology, Nature, and Spirituality Essay

Humans, Technology, Nature, and Spirituality - Essay Example The main element of religion was compounded in explaining phenomena that confound human to his or her spiritual ability. In most cases, science often attempts to explain natural processes in line with numerous universal laws while applying scientific methods. In most cases, these scientific explanations have since created dire conflicts with numerous religious beliefs. The film BARAKA has also compounded its theme in numerous cultures that are tied to one specific thing, nature. Nature provides humanity to the full understanding and acknowledgement of their mighty creator. Through spiritual belief of different religions, different people connect to their creator by appreciating nature. The same is not true with technology that often tends to provide explanation and pieces evidences on why certain things are usually the way they are. In other words, technology only provides a platform of explaining nature but do not brings connectivity or binding factors between humans and a given ele ment.The film also brings the element of interconnectivity without explanation, that is, human beings can connect to nature without anyone providing convincing explanations to the necessity to such connectivity. This kind of connectivity is only brought forth by spirituality. However, the recording that the same can be appreciated by human being is facilitated by technology. The emergence of technology only tried to expound on the existence of such relationship, but it has never replaced the binding factor, which is the spirituality.

Education As The Cornerstone Of Success Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 8

Education As The Cornerstone Of Success - Essay Example Many opportunities come because of acquiring education. From the basic standards of formal education, it ensures that individuals acquire life skills from the starting point. A person develops knowing the basic requirements of him from society. It is interesting to note that the definition of success in life depends on what the society believes in. Therefore, by learning what society requires exposes people to the path of fulfilling their destiny resulting in success. The curriculum then provides all the skills available to the individual as it awaits him to develop an interest in his own areas. By providing all the skills, education gives the individual an opportunity to choose what he is interested in partaking. The curriculum defines each an every skill and puts measures to see them grow into success. By so doing, it helps to shape the individuals’ interests without influencing them into taking something else. Its basic role is to shape their interests and nurture them. Education plays a role in enlightening people. As noted earlier, education involves the acquisition of knowledge and skills. This knowledge improves the mode in which the brain works. The brain receives a lot of information, after which it sorts and arranges them in a way that an individual is conversant with many things that occur daily. This knowledge broadens the way of thought and arguments. An argument entails a manner in which a person is capable of reasoning with the issues and being able to separate facts from mere propaganda. It is only because of acquired knowledge that someone is able to reason out consciously. In addition to this, a person with an average education is able to think in a higher level as compared to another average uneducated person.